Overview of the winter wheat variety "Yuka"

To get quality flour and baked goods, you need to choose the right wheat varieties. Yuka is the newest winter variety, created by Russian breeders, meets all the requirements of GOST and has a high yield. Positive feedback from farmers confirms the reliability, yield and high resistance to winter wheat diseases.

What is this wheat variety

Two varieties were used to create Yuka winter wheat: Polovchanka and Rufa. The Yuka wheat belongs to the lutescens variety (lutescens). It was entered into the State Register of the Russian Federation in 2012. Specialists from the Krasnodar Agricultural Station of the Research Institute of Agriculture worked on the development of winter crops.

Reference! Lutescens are varieties of soft wheat with white, bare ears and red grain. One of the most common varieties.

Characteristics and description of the variety

The cereal plant has low stems, the height of which does not exceed 1 m... The ears are yellow, the grains are of the soft type. Plants are resistant to bending of stems, ears do not crumble. The root system is located close to the soil surface. The leaves are long, lanceolate.

Stalk-straw is hollow inside, most thickened in the middle. Side shoots can grow from underground stem nodes.

Pollination in a cereal plant is independent... In sunny weather, the bloom is open, in the absence of the sun - closed. The ripening period is medium late, the growing season lasts 92-100 days.

Disease resistance is high, Yuka is practically not susceptible to stem rust and powdery mildew. Good resistance is observed in relation to Fusarium head blight and Septoria blight.

Reference! Disease resistance tests have been carried out for 3 years.

Wheat features

Wheat resistant to severe drought and hot climates... In addition, the winter hardiness indicators of the variety are above average.

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Wheat properties

Wheat properties are divided into approbation, flour-grinding and baking.

Approbation

The approbation is carried out in order to determine the purity of the variety.... Yuka is distinguished by the following approbation properties:

• erect or semi-erect form;
• the anthocyanin color of the coleoptile (the first true leaf after the cotyledons) is absent or weakly expressed;
• sparse spikelets;
• medium thick straw;
• spike is tubular, oblong, white;
• grains of a red tint, slightly elongated, of medium size. The weight of 1 thousand grains does not exceed 45 g.

Flour mills

Flour-grinding properties are an important technological indicator... The main value of grain is the possibility of obtaining high levels of finished flour. They are produced by large, aligned spherical grains.

The average protein in Yuki beans is 13.8%, raw gluten does not exceed 27-28%. Grains are easily processed into flour, so its milling properties are considered high.

Bakers

Baking properties are determined by the quality of the flour from which the bread is baked... Light flour, obtained from the Yuka variety, is excellent for baking bakery and any other confectionery.

The baking properties are influenced by the content of raw gluten in the grains.Above 30% is considered a high level, 26-30% indicates average baking properties.

As winter wheat belongs to soft grain crops, its flour is used for baking bakery products... Wheat flour bread is not only tasty, but also nutritious. Yuka is not used for making pasta. For high quality pasta, durum flour is used.

Reference! Wheat has become widespread in the processing industry. Alcohol, starch and dextrin are obtained from it. And straw is ideal for making paper.

Features of agricultural technology

Not only germination, but also yield depends on the correct cultivation of field crops.

Sowing dates

Sowing of winter crops begins in late September - early October, that is, before winter (hence its name). Wheat loves fertile soil rich in macro- and microelements. With a lack of nutrients, the amount of the crop is noticeably reduced. Therefore, before sowing the seeds, the soil is dug up with the introduction of humus and a full complex of mineral fertilizers.

Wheat is sown mainly after clover, peas and other legumes. They are good predecessors for all cultures.

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Sowing

Seeding rate - the amount of seeds sown per hectare to obtain a full harvest. It depends on the region and soil composition. The optimum seeding rate is 4-5 million grains per hectare or 160-250 kg / ha.

When sowing in black soil or fertile soils, this indicator is reduced. In heavy soil with low germination, more is sown.

Reference! When sowing 400-500 seeds per 1 m², you will get 600-700 new stems.

The germination and harmony of seedlings, as well as resistance to lodging with further growth and development, depend on the depth of sowing. The seed is buried no more than 3-5 cm in light soil and 2-3 cm in heavy soil. A deeper sowing will result in a weakened sprout.

Wheat is sown in loosened soil saturated with mineral fertilizers.

Further care of wheat

For full growth winter wheat needs fertilizers:

1. Nitrogen... It is introduced into the spring digging of the soil and the second time just before planting, in the fall. Also, the culture needs nitrogen fertilization during the period of thickening of the stem and at the beginning of milk ripeness of the grain.
2. Potassium - once during the main soil treatment 2 weeks before sowing.
3. Phosphorus... Introduce during soil digging in spring and immediately before sowing.

After the emergence of shoots, the first treatment is carried out against pests and fungal diseases.... The most dangerous are cereal flies and winter moth. Plants are treated with pesticide solutions with the addition of growth stimulants. Pesticides are used throughout the growing season - at least 3-4 times.

For fungal diseases, cereals are treated with fungicidal agents.... One of the most common drugs is Falcon. It not only prevents the development of fungal spores, but also inhibits the growth of weeds.

During the treatment of plants from diseases, trace elements are added to solutions... This is how not only disinfection occurs, but also the strengthening of immunity.

Reference! During the flowering period, preventive measures aimed at pest control are not carried out.

Yield

Winter crops are widespread throughout Russia thanks to stable and high productivity. The average yield is 50-80 c / ha. This is significantly higher than the data for other wheat varieties. In addition, the culture is winter-hardy and perfectly adapted to prolonged drought.

Harvesting

Harvesting is carried out when the phase of grain waxy ripeness is reached, that is, full technical ripeness. The harvest is harvested by a combine, which guarantees minimal losses.Then the grains are peeled and, if necessary, dryers are used to reduce moisture.

Advantages and disadvantages

Numerous Benefits Highlight Yuku Wheat among other winter crops:

• the possibility of landing in all regions;
• increased winter hardiness;
• high resistance to diseases;
• yields are higher than standard indicators;
• adaptation to hot climates and prolonged drought;
• soft grain type;
• lack of tendency to shedding ears;
• good resistance to stem bending;
• high milling and baking properties.

The disadvantages include the superficial location of the root system., which is why the stalk of the cereal plant is weak.

Culture reviews

Despite the relative youth of the culture, Yuka has many positive reviews.

Yaroslav, Vladimir region: “I have been sowing Yuka wheat for 2 years already. I sow in the field where I used to grow potatoes. The variety is unpretentious, grows well, germination rate is almost 100%. For the entire growing season, I apply three times nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizing. And the same number of times I process cereals from pests. Therefore, my plants are clean and do not get sick. ".

Dmitry, Nizhny Novgorod region: “I am a baker, I have my own small production facility for baking bakery products. I buy flour of different sorts, but I always single out the flour obtained from Yuka wheat among them. The bread made from it is airy, very tasty and retains its taste and softness for a long time. ".

Conclusion

The young wheat variety Yuka managed to fall in love with many farmers for its unpretentiousness, disease resistance and high yield (50-80 kg / ha). Milling and baking properties increase the demand for the cereal plant, bringing profit to farmers. Wheat flour is great for baking baked goods and pastries.